Doctors theorized that bad bacteria attack the gut of very low-weight premature babies, contributing to or causing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Researchers reviewed placebo-controlled trials from 1980 through 2006 of very low weight babies, born at 33 weeks or less, with NEC, who received any type of probiotic starting within the first 10 days of life and continuing for seven days or more.
Doctors qualified seven studies covering 1,393 newborns and estimated that within these studies, probiotics lowered risk for NEC by 64% and risk of dying from NEC by 53%. Study authors suggested more studies to determine the best dose and type of probiotic for NEC.