Zinc protected the heart, people who exercised lived longer than those who were sedentary and a new test measures more types of cholesterol.
In a zinc study, researchers followed more than 3,300 older adults for about eight years. Compared to those who had the highest zinc levels, those with the lowest zinc levels were 44 percent more likely to die from all causes and 24 percent more likely to die from heart disease. Doctors said the findings support older adults taking supplements.
In a coronary heart disease (CHD) study, doctors followed 3,500 people with CHD for 18 years and found that women and men who exercised once per week were 30 percent and 20 percent, respectively, less likely to die from any cause compared to those who did not exercise at all.
Doctors in a study that used the new Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) cholesterol test explained that standard assessments don’t include and can’t detect important new heart disease risk factors. These newly emerging risk factorsinclude low levels of high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL-2), and high levels of intermediate-density and very-low-density lipoproteins (IDL and VLDL-3). Doctors believed the standard assessment underestimates risk of heart disease in younger, healthy adults who have a family history of early heart disease and wanted to take a closer look.
In the study, researchers evaluated 89 men and women, average age 47, with a family history of premature CHD, who had received a “low risk” score based on the standard assessment. In addition to the VAP test, scientists also took a heart scan to detect calcium in the arteries and a blood test for C-reactive protein (CRP), a sign of chronic inflammation.
The most common heart disease risk factor the standard assessment missed was HDL-2, which was low—meaning more risk—in 72 percent of the study group. The VAP test uncovered two other previously undetected cholesterol risk factors, IDL and VLDL-3, which were high—meaning more risk—in 49 percent of the study group. Nearly four in 10 participants had calcium buildup, or coronary atherosclerosis, and one-quarter had elevated levels of CRP.