Women with chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are more likely to develop cervical dysplasia—precancerous changes to cells inside the cervix.
In one study, doctors compared supplement use in 162 HPV-positive women with cervical dysplasia to 166 HPV-positive women without cervical dysplasia. Compared to those who did not take supplements, those who took multi-vitamins, vitamins A, C and E, or calcium were 65 percent to 89 percent less likely to have cervical dysplasia.